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A major objection to the use of chemical precipitation processes to treat industrial waste streams is:

  1. Corrosivity of the effluent

  2. Inability to remove color

  3. Quantity of sludge

  4. Toxic chemicals in the effluent

The correct answer is: Quantity of sludge

The quantity of sludge generated is a significant concern when using chemical precipitation processes for industrial waste treatment. Chemical precipitation involves adding chemicals to the wastewater to facilitate the formation of solid particles that can be easily removed. This process not only effectively removes certain contaminants but also produces a considerable amount of sludge that must be managed afterward. The management of this sludge can pose challenges, such as increased disposal costs, the need for additional treatment steps, and potential regulatory compliance issues. An excessive amount of sludge can complicate the overall treatment process and impact the capacity of wastewater treatment facilities. Other aspects like corrosivity, color removal, and the presence of toxic chemicals certainly present important considerations in wastewater treatment, but the volume of sludge produced is particularly impactful in influencing operational efficiency, economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability in industrial waste management processes.